对灾害的防范是整个保护工作的重要组成部分，其内容应当包括水与火在内的对馆藏构成威胁的所有因素。一个经过系统组织并正式制订的防范计划能够对紧急情况作出迅速而有效的反应，使之对工作人员的人身威胁以及馆藏与建筑的危害降至最低限度。这一防范计划应当包括具体的预防 Prevention of disasters is an important part of the overall protection effort and should include all elements that pose a threat to the collection, including water and fire. A systematically organized and formally prepared preventive plan can respond promptly and effectively to emergencies so that their personal threats to staff and the hazards of collections and buildings are minimized. This prevention plan should include specific prevention