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甘薯是中国重要的粮食作物之一,地膜覆盖是中国北方薯区甘薯高产的重要措施之一。为此,综述了甘薯地膜覆盖产量提高的机理,主要有:(1)在土壤因素上增加土壤温度,提高土壤湿度、改善土壤的理化性质和加速土壤养分的转化。(2)在产量和形态发育影响方面主要是提前结薯、促进根系发育和防治茎叶徒长。(3)在生理代谢影响方面主要有地膜覆盖提高了叶片叶绿素含量,Rubpase活性、ATP含量和ATP酶活性以及提高了叶片SOD和CAT活性,降低了叶片中MDA含量,提高了叶片光合速率,延迟了叶片衰老;地膜覆盖改变了叶片和块根中的激素含量变化趋势,促进同化物向块根的转运。(4)地膜覆盖提高了甘薯抵抗病虫害以及盐碱胁迫的能力。之后阐述了中国地膜覆盖当前存在的主要问题主要有环境污染问题、减产问题以及农机农艺不配套的问题,最后展望了中国甘薯地膜覆盖将来的发展趋势。
Sweet potato is one of the important food crops in China. Mulching is one of the important measures for high yield of sweet potato in northern China. Therefore, the mechanism of improving the yield of sweet potato mulching is summarized, including: (1) increasing soil temperature, increasing soil moisture, improving soil physicochemical properties and accelerating the conversion of soil nutrients. (2) In terms of yield and morphological development, it is mainly early tuber, promoting root development and stem and leaf stunt. (3) Mulching mainly increased chlorophyll content, Rubpase activity, ATP content and ATPase activity, increased SOD and CAT activities in leaves, reduced MDA content in leaves, increased photosynthetic rate and delayed Leaf senescence was observed. Mulching changed the trend of hormone content in leaves and roots, and promoted the transport of assimilates to roots. (4) Mulching improves the ability of sweet potato to resist pests and diseases and salt-alkali stress. After that, the main existing problems of plastic film mulching in China mainly include environmental pollution problems, production cuts, and agronomic problems in agricultural machinery. Finally, the future development trend of China’s sweet potato mulching is forecasted.