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本文概述了我国城市居住小区从计划经济时期到市场经济时期的发展演变特征,分析了居住小区从开放到封闭的主要原因,即:住房商品化、高层化;规划后置、开发无序化;城市改造片面化;机动车发展过度化和公共意识缺失。通过对西方欧洲城市总体规划和改造实践案例的梳理,最后提出了封闭小区的开放之路,即城市总体规划全局化、城市设计法定化、公共交通体系化。
This paper summarizes the evolvement characteristics of the urban residential district in our country from the period of planned economy to the market economy, and analyzes the main reasons of the residential district from opening to closing, namely, the commercialization and high-level housing, the post-planning and the unordered development, One-sided urban renewal; over-developed motor vehicles and lack of public awareness. Through the combing of the master plans and the reform practice cases in the western European cities, the paper finally puts forward the open road of the closed communities, that is, the overall urban planning, the urban design legalization and the public transportation system.