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荷马史诗所反映的时代问题在中外史学界争论激烈。本文认为,从史诗的创作过程与特点看,它只能是在一个相当长的时间里,在民间口传传统基础上逐渐形成的,所以其内容包容了不同时代如迈锡尼的、黑暗时代的、作者本人所处时代的历史遗迹。但从史诗所反映的社会政治、经济特征以及文字的使用,再结合考古史料的证据看,荷马史诗所反映的主要是公元前10到公元前8世纪希腊世界,尤其是小亚细亚地区希腊人的情况,即从东地中海区的民族大迁徙结束、希腊人转入定居生活到公元前8世纪中期希腊大殖民开始前的那个时期,也就是史诗的最终编定者及其直接前驱者生活于其中的那个时代。
The era issues reflected in Homeric epics are highly debated in the historians of both China and foreign countries. This paper argues that from the perspective of the process and characteristics of epic writing, it can only form gradually for a long time and on the basis of folk oral tradition, so its contents contain different ages such as Mycenaean and Dark Ages The historical site of the era in which the author lived. However, from the socio-political and economic characteristics and the use of words reflected in the epics, combined with the evidence of archeological materials, the Homeric poems mainly reflect the Greek world from the 10th to the 8th century BC, especially the Greeks in Asia Minor The fact that the great migration from the Eastern Mediterranean ended and the Greeks moved to settlements until the beginning of the Great Greek colonization in the mid-eighth century BC, in which epic finalists and their immediate predecessors lived That era.