管理职能,是管理者动用职权,施展才干、发挥管理功能、以达到管理目标的能动性的活动。自从法国工程师、高级经理法约尔(Henri Fayol)于1916年在《工业管理与一般管理》一书中提出界定后,一直为管理学家们所重视,相继进行了研究,提出了各自对管理职能的观点,包括计划、组织、控制三项职能为各位学者所公认。因而,1978年1月,美国管理学家小詹姆斯.H.唐纳利等在其 The management function is an activity in which managers use their authority to display their talents, develop management functions, and achieve management goals. Since Henry Fayol, a French engineer and senior manager, proposed the definition in his book “Industrial Management and General Management” in 1916, it has been paid attention to by management experts and research has been carried out successively. The functional perspectives, including the three functions of planning, organization, and control, are recognized by all scholars. Thus, in January 1978, the American management scientist James H. Donnelley and others were