政治经济学的发展,特别是马克思主义政治经济学的发展面临至少三方面历史性难题的挑战。尤其是面对中国特色的社会主义市场经济发展的伟大实践,政治经济学至少在以下三个基本命题上亟待取得实质性进展。一、如何认识劳动价值论的科学性和批判性?马克思本人的劳动价值论学说能够在价值取向上支持中国特色社会主义市场经济的制度改革和制度建设吗?价值理论是政治经济学的基础理论,也是极富争议的理论,因为价值论是政治经济学对一定社会制度存在的合理性和进步性的最为深刻的证明,也是对一定社会制度发展的历史性和被另一制度所替代的必然性的最为根本的剖析,或者说是对一定社会制度产生发展灭亡的历史逻辑的政治经济学批判的最为深厚的基石。从政治经济 The development of political economy, especially the development of Marxist political economy, is facing the challenge of at least three historic difficulties. Especially in the face of the great practice of developing the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics, political economy urgently needs to make substantive progress at least on the following three basic topics. First, how to recognize the scientific and critical nature of labor theory of value? Marx’s theory of labor theory of value can support the institutional reform and institutional development of the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics in value orientation? Value theory is the basic theory of political economy Is also a very controversial theory because the theory of value is the most profound proof of the rationality and progressiveness of the existence of a certain social system in the political economy and also the necessity of the historical development of certain social systems and the substitution by another system Or the most profound cornerstone of political economy critique of the historical logic of the demise of certain social systems. From the political economy