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笔者通过对1982年~2012年大豆种植重心、基尼系数、空间自相关和区位商的计算,结合全国及各省区大豆产量、单产和种植面积的变动情况,探讨了中国大豆种植的地理集聚格局、演化路径及其机制。结果显示:(1)大豆种植地理分布重心一直处在中国的偏东北方向;从移动方向来看,重心分别在向东北、西南方向周期性徘徊变动。(2)大豆种植空间集聚格局明晰,集聚程度经历了增加、减小、再增加、再减小的周期性变化,专业化种植明显但程度逐渐下降。(3)重心转移轨迹和地理集聚格局演变表现出一致的周期性和阶段性。东北地区大豆种植专业化水平和集聚程度直接决定了全国大豆种植集聚与专业化生产的格局。(4)虽然自然禀赋决定了农作物最初的集聚格局,但开放条件下经济、技术和政策因素对大豆种植集聚格局演变的影响更大。
Based on the calculation of soybean planting center of gravity, Gini coefficient, spatial autocorrelation and location quotas from 1982 to 2012, combining with the changes of soybean yield, yield and planting area in China and other provinces, the author discussed the geographical concentration pattern of soybean planting in China, Evolutionary Path and Its Mechanism. The results showed that: (1) The geographical distribution center of soybean planting has been in the northeast of China; from the moving direction, the center of gravity fluctuates cyclically in northeast and southwest. (2) Soybean planting space has a clear pattern of agglomeration, and the degree of agglomeration has experienced increasing, decreasing, increasing and then decreasing cyclical changes, while the specialization planting has obvious but gradual decline. (3) The evolution of the trajectory of gravity center and the pattern of geographical concentration show a consistent period and stage. The professionalization and concentration of soybean planting in northeast China directly determines the pattern of national soybean planting and specialized production. (4) Although the natural endowment determines the initial pattern of crop aggregation, the economic, technological and policy factors under open conditions have a greater impact on the evolution of the pattern of soybean planting and gathering.