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目的探讨支气管哮喘患者对常见蟑螂的过敏水平及不同品种蟑螂间可能存在的交叉抗原性及其程度。方法分别提取美洲大蠊、黑胸大蠊和德国小蠊抗原,用ELISA法测支气管哮喘患者血清中三种蟑螂抗原的特异性IgE抗体(sIgE)。结果美洲大蠊、黑胸大蠊和德国小蠊sIgE阳性率分别为23．5％、16．0％和14．0％。美洲大蠊与黑胸大蠊、德国小蠊间血清学反应符合率分别为74．0％和73．5％,黑胸大蠊与德国小蠊间血清学反应符合率为85．0％。美洲大蠊头、体部抗原sIgE阳性率分别为17．5％和14．5％,头体部抗原间血清学反应符合率为86。0％;黑胸大蠊头、体部抗原sIgE阳性率分别为12．5％和10．5％,头体部抗原间血清学反应符合率为88．0％;ELISA交叉抑制实验显示,三种蟑螂相互之间均存在较明显的交叉抑制现象。结论蟑螂是诱发支气管哮喘的主要变应原之一。三种蟑螂之间及美洲大蠊、黑胸大蠊不同部位之间均存在一定程度的交叉抗原性成分,即具有共同的IgE结合组分。
Objective To investigate the allergic level of common cockroaches in patients with bronchial asthma and the possible cross-antigenicity and degree of cockroaches among different breeds. Methods The antigens of Periplaneta americana, Blattella germanica and Blattella germanica were extracted respectively and the specific IgE antibodies (sIgE) of three kinds of cockroach antigens were detected by ELISA in the serum of patients with bronchial asthma. Results The positive rates of sIgE of American cockroach, German cockroach and German cockroach were 23.5%, 16.0% and 14.0%, respectively. The coincidence rates of serological response between American cockroach and German cockroach and German cockroach were 74.0% and 73.5%, respectively. The coincidence rate of Serum serogroup between cockroaches and German cockroaches was 85.0%. The positive rate of sIgE was 17.5% and 14.5% in the head and body of American cockroach, and the coincidence rate of head and body antigen was 86.0%. The head and body sIgE of black cocks were positive Rates were 12.5% and 10.5%, respectively, and the coincidence rate of head and body antigen serological response was 88.0%. ELISA cross-inhibition assay showed that there was a significant cross-inhibition phenomenon among the three cockroaches. Conclusion Cockroach is one of the major allergens that induce bronchial asthma. Some cross-antigenic components exist between the three cockroaches and between the different parts of the American cockroach and the American cockroach, namely, they have a common IgE-binding component.