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通过对北京褐潮土土壤肥力和肥料效益监测基地长期定位试验中的冬小麦生长和产量性状进行的４年调查分析表明，含氮磷配合的处理具有增加冬小麦株高和穗长，提高平均穗粒数和千粒重，从而极大提高生物产量和经济产量。单氮或氮钾或磷钾对提高株高作用不大，但明显增加穗长和穗粒数，对提高子粒千粒重也有作用，因而可提高生物产量和经济产量。磷钾在提高千粒重和经济产量与生物产量之比上有独特作用，单氮处理的产量效应有逐步接近不施肥处理的趋势。氮磷钾配合有机肥对提高株高、穗长、穗粒数和千粒重等的作用尚不明显，但提高冬小麦生物产量和经济产量，其中高量有机肥的比常量的略低。氮磷钾配合秸秆还田同样对冬小麦生长发育性状的进一步作用不明显，其增产效应还表现出滞后两三个生长年的现象。
Through the investigation on the growth and yield characters of winter wheat in long-term experiment of soil fertility and fertilizer benefit monitoring base of Beijing Brown Cinnamon soil, the results showed that the treatment of nitrogen and phosphorus combined with increasing winter wheat plant height and ear length, Number and 1000-grain weight, thus greatly improving the biological yield and economic output. Mono-nitrogen or N-K or P-K had little effect on increasing plant height, but significantly increased the spike length and number of spikelets, which also played an important role in increasing the 1000-grain weight of the grain, thus improving the biological yield and economic yield. Phosphorus and potassium had a unique effect on increasing 1000-grain weight and the ratio of economic output to biological yield. The yield effect of single-nitrogen treatment gradually approached the no-fertilization treatment. The effects of N, P and K combined with organic manure on the improvement of plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight are not obvious, but increase the biological yield and economic yield of winter wheat, of which the high amount of organic manure is slightly lower than the constant. N, P and K combined with straw returning also had no obvious effect on the growth and development of winter wheat, and the yield increasing effect also lasted for two or three years.