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19世纪以来,英国牛奶长期受到结核病菌及其他致病细菌的严重污染,成为当时最致命的安全问题。自19世纪后期开始,英国各级地方政府首先不断强化牛奶安全政策和监管,进而推动中央政府通过国家立法以强化安全监管,彻底消除这一安全问题。然而,在1949年之前,英国牛奶安全监管却长期陷入了经济利益与公共利益冲突的旋涡,使通过国家立法消除病菌污染的努力一再遭到惨败。在改革力量的推动下,到20世纪中期,英国牛奶安全监管终于走出困境。
Since the 19th century, the British milk has been severely polluted by tuberculosis and other pathogenic bacteria for a long time, becoming the most deadly security issue at that time. Since the latter part of the 19th century, local governments at all levels in the United Kingdom have first of all continuously strengthened their milk safety policies and regulations so as to push the central government through national legislation to strengthen safety supervision and eliminate this security issue completely. However, by 1949, milk safety regulation in the UK had long been plunged into a vortex of conflict of interest between the economy and the public interest. As a result, efforts to eliminate germ pollution through national legislation have repeatedly suffered fiasco. Under the impetus of reform, by the middle of the 20th century, milk safety supervision in Britain finally came out of the woods.