本文对超声脉冲回波信号进行理论分析,提出了一种超声脉冲波用于高精度测距和测厚中的回波包络解析实现方法。在FPGA器件上,对高速ADC采样的回波数据进行带通滤波去噪声,并构造两个正交滤波器,实现了对超声脉冲回波信号的包络曲线提取。最后采用测量标准钢块厚度的实验数据验证了此实现方法的可行性。 In this paper, the theoretical analysis of the ultrasonic pulse echo signal is proposed, and an ultrasonic pulse wave is proposed for echo envelope analysis in high-precision range finding and thickness measurement. On the FPGA device, the echo data sampled by the high-speed ADC is band-pass filtered and denoised, and two orthogonal filters are constructed to extract the envelope curve of the ultrasonic pulse echo signal. Finally, the experimental data of the thickness of the standard steel was used to verify the feasibility of this method.