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BACKGROUND: Cerebral hippocampal astrocytes are more sensitive.to ischemic injury than neurons. Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury induces profound astrocyte apoptosis, and propofol may protect against astrocyte apoptosis.OBJECTIVE: To verify the protective effects of propofol against astrocyte apoptosis and to investigate anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and pro-apoptotic Bax expression in primary cultures of rat hippocampal astrocytes exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation for different periods of time following propofol treatment.DESIGN, TIME, AND SETTING: In vitro neural immunocytochemistry was performed at the Central Laboratory of Yunyang Medical College between September 2007 and March 2008.MATERIALS: A total of 30 Wistar rats, aged 1-3 days, with equal numbers of males and females,were included for isolation and culture of hippocampal astrocytes.METHODS: Hippocampal astrocytes were purified and cultured for 3 weeks and treated with four culture conditions: 50 μL Hank's solution (normal control); 0.2 mL/L Intralipid; 50μL Hank's solution for 10 minutes followed by hypoxic incubation for 4 hours and normoxic incubation for 12, 24, 36, 48,60 or 72 hours; propofol (250μmol/L final) for 10 minutes followed by hypoxic incubation for 4 hours and normoxic incubation for 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hours.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Morphologic changes in hippocampal astrocytes. (2) Levels of astrocyte apoptosis and Bcl-2 and Bax expression.RESULTS: Hypoxia and reoxygenation increased apoptosis over time, with Bcl-2 expression peaking at 24 hours and decreasing gradually (P