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河工物理模型试验和泥沙数学模型均是预测水沙运动和河床演变的重要手段。这两种模型的共同点是都要先经历一个初步设想阶段 ,模型中需要模拟的物理因素间的关系要予以确定。两种方法都必须进行某些简化与近似 ,而且必须适应原型的实际情况 ,在数学模型里要选用合适的经验系数 ,而在物理模型里要变化模型的糙率。这两种方法的主要差别在于数值模型需要制定描述流场的方程式 ,而水力模型则需要确定作用力 ,据此确定相似准则数。将两者有机结合起来的混合模型 ,可用以解决单一模型不易解决和不能解决的问题。两种模型的结合除能起相辅相成作用外 ,还能起到互相补充验证的作用。混合模型作为一种新的研究手段 ,将是今后发展的重要方向。
The physical model tests of rivers and sediment mathematical models are both important means of predicting water and sediment movement and river bed evolution. What these two models have in common is that they all go through a preliminary tentative stage, and the relationship between the physical factors in the model that need to be modeled is to be determined. Both approaches must be simplified and approximated, and must be adapted to the actual situation of the prototype. In the mathematical model, the appropriate empirical coefficient should be chosen. In the physical model, the roughness of the model should be changed. The main difference between these two methods is that the numerical model needs to formulate an equation describing the flow field, whereas the hydraulic model needs to determine the force from which the number of similar criteria can be determined. The hybrid model that combines the two can be used to solve the problem that a single model can not be easily solved and can not be solved. In addition to the combination of the two models can play a complementary role, but also play a role in complementing each other. As a new research method, the hybrid model will be an important direction for future development.