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利用热红外遥感技术探测海面溢油存在能够全天时探测、更好地探测海表及油膜辐射特征和对油膜厚度的识别潜力较大等优势。而热红外发射率是物体在指定温度时的辐射能与同温度黑体辐射能的比值,在常温范围内,物体的发射率光谱与温度无关,仅与材质属性及波长相关。基于这一假设,以山东省东营市胜利油田孤岛采油厂获取的原油样品与渤海湾海水为材料,利用102F傅里叶变换热红外光谱辐射仪设计海面油膜发射率光谱实验,系统的测量分析了海面油膜随厚度连续变化过程中海面油膜发射率的变化特征与产生机理。结果表明,海表油膜的热红外发射率在甚薄阶段(20~120μm)变化较大,利用热红外发射率光谱能够较好的探测海表甚薄油膜;在8~10μm和在13.2~14μm波段范围内,海水与厚度为20μm的甚薄油膜存在较为稳定的发射率差异,利用该光谱范围内的油膜发射率可以用来探测20μm的甚薄油膜;在11.7~14μm波段范围内,油膜发射率与其厚度相关性小,油膜的发射率明显低于本底海水的发射率,利用该光谱范围内的油膜发射率可以用来探测较薄油膜的有无;在11.72,12.2,12.55,13.48和13.8μm这几个波长附近,油膜发射率随着油膜厚度的增加呈现出递增或递减,且变化幅度较大,利用这几个波长附近谱段的发射率可以用来探测较薄油膜的发射率光谱响应。
The use of thermal infrared remote sensing technology to detect sea oil spill has the advantage of being able to detect all day, better detecting the characteristics of sea surface and oil film radiation, and identifying the potential of oil film thickness. The thermal infrared emissivity is the ratio of the radiant energy of the object at the specified temperature to the radiant energy of the same temperature blackbody. At room temperature, the emissivity spectrum of the object has nothing to do with the temperature and is only related to the material properties and the wavelength. Based on this assumption, taking the crude oil sample obtained from the Gudao Oil Production Plant of Shengli Oilfield in Dongying City, Shandong Province and the Bohai Bay seawater as the material, 102F Fourier Transform Thermal Infrared Spectroradiometer was used to design the emissivity spectrum of the sea surface oil. Variation characteristics and mechanism of sea oil film emissivity during the continuous change of sea oil film with thickness. The results show that the thermal infrared emissivity of the sea surface oil film varies greatly in the very thin stage (20 ~ 120μm), and the thermal infrared emissivity spectroscopy can better detect the thin film of the sea surface. At 8 ~ 10μm and 13.2 ~ 14μm In the band range, there is a relatively stable emissivity difference between the seawater and a very thin film with a thickness of 20μm. The film emissivity in this spectral range can be used to detect a very thin film with a thickness of 20μm. In the range of 11.7 ~ 14μm, The correlation between the rate and its thickness is small, the emissivity of the oil film is obviously lower than the emissivity of the background seawater, and the emissivity of the oil film in this spectral range can be used to detect the presence or absence of the thin oil film; at 11.72, 12.2, 12.55, 13.48 and In the vicinity of 13.8μm, the emissivity of oil film increases or decreases with the increase of oil film thickness, and the variation range is large. Using the emissivities of the spectrum near these several wavelengths can be used to detect the emissivity of thin oil film Spectral response.