“实践”是马克思哲学的核心概念之一。葛兰西认为,马克思哲学思想的重要性,在于马克思把“实践”提到了本体的高度,从而在相当程度上消解了唯心主义和唯物主义的长期对立。阿尔都塞的学说,是弥合恩格斯和葛兰西的思想差异,在历史唯物主义的马克思主义和实践马克思主义间寻求和解的一次尝试。我们认为,马克思哲学地位的确立,应归因于其以“实践”统合物质与精神、存在与意识的创举,因此超越了古典哲学,成为现代哲学的一个重要开端。受哲学观念嬗变之影响,新时期美学、文学观念也发生了实践论的转向。以实践论的视角来看待文学现象,文学就不仅是我们认识世界的一种手段和途径,而且是人基本的存在方式;是人走向全面发展、获得自由的重要环节和因素。 “Practice ” is one of the core concepts of Marxist philosophy. Gramsci thinks that the importance of Marx’s philosophical thought lies in Marx’s mention of “practice ” to the noumenon of the ontology, thus to a considerable extent, eliminating the long-term antagonism between idealism and materialism. Althusser’s doctrine is an attempt to reconcile the ideological differences between Engels and Gramsci in the search for reconciliation between historical materialist Marxism and practical Marxism. In our opinion, the establishment of Marx’s philosophical status should be attributed to its creation of “materializing”, “spirit,” and “existence and awareness” through “practice”. Therefore, it has surpassed classical philosophy and became an important beginning of modern philosophy. Influenced by the transmutation of philosophical concepts, there has also been a shift in practice in the new era of aesthetics and literary concepts. Viewing the literary phenomenon from the perspective of practice, literature is not only a means and way for us to understand the world, but also the basic way for people to exist. It is also an important link and factor for people to develop in an all-round way and gain freedom.