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Considering the complex environment in 750 kV AC substation, porcelain insulators have particular electric field and voltage distribution in comparison with those used in AC transmission line, meanwhile, the investigation of a typical 750 kV AC substation located in Lanzhou with ultraviolet imager （UVI） demonstrated that the corona dis- charge of some insulators is serious due to the improper structure design and installation, so research on porcelain insulators used in substation is needed. The three-dimensional finite element method （FEM） 750 kV AC substation calculation model was established to calculate electric field and voltage distribution of insulators, and the voltage distribution curves along insulators which are classified by type and suspension location were obtained using a novel FEM method which can effectively reduce the calculation amount without losing accuracy, meanwhile, the effect of the grading ring for improving voltage distribution of insulators was studied by adjusting the structure parameters of grad- ing ring. Consequently, an optimization structure of rings was proposed by improving the voltage distribution of insu- lator string and reducing the electric strength of grading ring for the purpose of restricting corona noise, and the on- site observations by UVI showed that the newly manufactured and installed grading ring could obviously avoid the occurrences of corona discharge which validates the optimization design. This paper proposed an effective method combi ning UVI observation and FEM calculation to study voltage-sharing characteristics of porcelain insulators, and the results can provide experiences and references for the design of 750 kV AC substation.