智能材料的概念出现于 80年代末 ,由于它集感应功能和驱动功能于一身 ,很快就引起了全世界的注意。形状记忆合金 (SMA)能够在温度或载荷的一定范围内变化时产生热弹性马氏体相变 ,由此改变应力状态和其他性质 ,所以SMA可作为智能材料中的感应和驱动单元。可以把 SMA作成颗粒状 The concept of smart materials appeared in the late 1980s and soon attracted worldwide attention due to its combination of sensing and drive functions. SMA can act as a sensing and driving unit in smart materials because it can produce thermoelastic martensitic transformation when temperature or a range of loads change, thereby changing the stress state and other properties. SMA can be made into pellets