经世致用,是中国史学的优良传统。它远溯于春秋之末,成熟于明清时期,贯穿于中国史学发展的始终。 春秋末期,我国历史上第一位史学家孔子所著《春秋》便明显地体现了经世致用的思想。司马迁评之曰:“孔子知言之不用,道之不行也,是非二百四十二年之中,以为天下仪表,贬天子,退诸侯,讨大夫,以达王事而已矣。”并以鲁国史事,正名分,“拨乱世,反之正”。可见,孔子研究历史并非为历史而历史,而是通过研究历史来宣扬他的思想观点,抨击春秋时期“礼坏乐崩”的社会现象,企图恢复已经崩溃的西周盛世。尽管这不符合历史潮流,但在史学经世致用的开创方面却功不可没。 It is the fine tradition of Chinese historiography that it is applicable to the world. It dates back to the end of the Spring and Autumn, matures in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, runs through the development of Chinese history. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, “Spring and Autumn” by Confucius, the first historian in our history, clearly embodied the thought that was adopted by the world. Sima Qian commented: “Confucius did not know what to do, but it was also not within two hundred and seventy-two years. I thought it was necessary to deny emperor and son, retreat to princes, and to seek doctor’s advice.” Lu history, is the name of sub-, “chaos chaos chaos, on the contrary positive.” It can be seen that Confucius did not study history as history but history. Instead, he advocated his ideas and points of view through history. He criticized the social phenomenon of “rituals and landslides” in the Spring and Autumn Period and attempted to restore the collapsed Western Zhou Dynasty. Although this is not in keeping with the historical trend, it is not negligible in the pioneering aspect of historiography.