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四川丘陵地区利用透明膜、黑膜覆盖进行甘薯栽培,在甘薯的整个生育时期,分别对010、1020、20 30 cm土层的土壤含水量、土壤温度变化进行实时监测。结果显示,透明膜和黑膜覆盖的平均含水量均比对照低10%以上,雨后的土壤含水量也比对照低10%左右。对分布整个生育的50 d的土壤温度的检测结果表明,透明膜覆盖的处理比对照的平均土温高1℃,黑膜覆盖处理比对照高1.8℃;在08:00—14:00,透明膜和黑膜覆盖处理010 cm土层的温度变化幅度较对照高20%以上,1020 cm土层以黑膜覆盖的温度变化幅度最大,其次为透明膜覆盖。而对照1030 cm土层的温度变化幅度最小。研究结果表明,地膜覆盖在春季雨水较多的年份可以通过增加地表径流的方式有效降低土壤含水量;地膜覆盖,特别是黑膜覆盖,在08:00—14:00能有效提高030 cm土层的土壤温度,有利于甘薯根系的早期发育,促进甘薯植株的生长,有利于产量提高和提前收获。
The hilly areas of Sichuan province were covered with transparent film and black film for sweetpotato cultivation. During the whole growth period of sweet potato, soil moisture and soil temperature in 010, 1020, 2030 cm soil layers were monitored in real time. The results showed that the average water content covered by the transparent membrane and the black membrane was lower than the control by more than 10%, and the soil water content after the rain was also about 10% lower than the control. The test results of soil temperature for 50 days showed that the treatment of the transparent membrane covered 1 ℃ higher than the average soil temperature of the control and the coverage of the black membrane was 1.8 ℃ higher than that of the control. From 08: 00-14: 00, The change of temperature in 010 cm layer covered by membrane and black film was more than 20% higher than that of the control. The temperature change range covered by black film was the largest in 1020 cm layer, followed by the transparent film. While the control 1030 cm soil layer has the smallest temperature change range. The results show that the plastic film mulching can effectively reduce the soil water content by increasing the surface runoff during the spring rainy years. The plastic film mulching, especially black mulching, can effectively increase the 030 cm soil layer at 08: 00-14: 00 Soil temperature is conducive to the early development of sweet potato roots and promote the growth of sweet potato plants is conducive to increased yield and early harvest.