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童话小说是当代英国小说写作中的一个重要面向,菲利普·普尔曼的《发条钟》是其中一个比较典型的文本,它围绕着人性问题的讲述,在叙事上形成了独特的美学追求。其一,故事的讲述由多个叙述者完成,在不同的讲述之间形成了叙事分层,其间有的平滑过渡,有的突然跳跃,还有的则跨越层级。其二,文本的主叙事者表现出了与隐含作者相近的观念和价值立场,它的讲述脉络清晰,节奏缓急得当,分层多样而有条理,它们一起构成了文本的可靠性叙事。其三,文本的主叙述者在叙事上同时具有不可靠性,比如,它讲述的一些事件前后矛盾、不符合逻辑;另外,关于一些事件的评价则具有过于主观化的倾向。这些充满悖论的叙事,为这本小说增添了不朽的艺术魅力。
Fairy tales fiction is an important aspect of contemporary British novel writing. Philip Pullman’s clockwork is one of the most typical texts. It focuses on humanity issues and forms a unique aesthetic pursuit in narration. First, storytelling is done by multiple narrators, forming a narrative hierarchy between different narratives, with a smooth transition, some jumping suddenly, and others straddling hierarchies. Second, the main narrator of the text shows the concept of value and similar position with the implied author. The narration is clear, the rhythm is moderate, the hierarchy is diverse and organized, and together they form the reliability narration of the text. Third, the main narrator of the text has both unreliability in narration. For example, some of the incidents it describes are incompatible with logic. In addition, the evaluation of some incidents is overly subjective. These paradoxical narratives add an immortal artistic charm to the novel.