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采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及Neu’s试剂染色法结合荧光显微观察,研究了木香薷叶表皮毛的类型、分布及腺毛分泌过程中外部形态的变化和分泌黄酮类物质的过程。结果显示:(1)木香薷叶表皮有腺毛和非腺毛。腺毛包括盾状腺毛和头状腺毛。成熟的盾状腺毛头部较大,呈盾状,直径为(68.14±0.84)μm。成熟的头状腺毛头部较小,呈半圆球形,直径为(17.57±0.48)μm。非腺毛包括乳突状毛、分枝状毛和管状毛。(2)叶片远轴面和近轴面均有表皮毛分布。腺毛在远轴面分布较多,近轴面较少;盾状腺毛主要分布在远轴面,头状腺毛则两面均有分布。非腺毛在叶表皮两面均有分布,以叶脉周围、叶片边缘和基部分布较多。(3)成熟腺毛的分泌物储存于其头部外皮下的间隙,随着分泌物的增加,外皮凹陷或破裂,释放出分泌物,腺毛溃落。(4)盾状腺毛和头状腺毛均能分泌黄酮类物质,随着腺毛的发育成熟,黄酮类物质逐渐积累于腺毛头部,随后释放出来。
Using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Neu’s reagent staining combined with fluorescence microscopy, we studied the types and distribution of epidermal hairs and the external morphological changes and the process of secreting flavonoids during the process of glandular hairy exudation. The results showed that: (1) There are glandular and non-glandular trichomes in the epidermis of Carya cathayensis. Glandular hairs include shield glandular hairy and pilose glandular hairs. Mature trichomes hair larger head, was shield-shaped, diameter (68.14 ± 0.84) μm. Mature head of the hairy head smaller, semi-spherical, diameter (17.57 ± 0.48) μm. Non-glandular trichomes include papillary trichomes, dendritic hairs and tubular hairs. (2) There are epidermal hairs on both the distal surface and the proximal surface of the leaves. Glandular hairs are more distributed in the far-axis surface and less in the paraxial surface. The shield-shaped glandular hairs are mainly distributed in the far-axial surface, and the glandular hairy head is distributed on both surfaces. Non-glandular hair on both sides of the leaf epidermis are distributed to the veins around the blade edge and the base distribution more. (3) mature glandular hair secretions stored in the head of the skin under the gap, with the secretions increase, the skin depression or rupture, release of secretions, glandular hair collapse. (4) The shield glandular hair and papillary hair can secrete flavonoids, with the development of glandular hairs, flavonoids gradually accumulate in the head of glandular trichomes, and then released.