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1939年莫斯科大学教授尼古拉·伊万诺维奇·柯巴捷夫提出了一个催化的基本理论,叫做活性集团理论。这个理论的基本原理可以说明如下: (1)催化剂的非晶相(原子相)是催化活性的承担者,而与其相应的结晶相(金属催化剂或载体)只起一个无催化作用的载体作用(подкладка)。 (2)任何真实表面都具有镶嵌结构,这个结晶相载体也是一样,是由许多密闭的“蜂窝”(小区域)组成的(图1)——这些小区域叫做“活动区”。彼此之间有能栅或几个屏壁相互隔开,在一定的程度下,在各区域内表面上的原子都不能超越通过这种能栅或几个屏壁。
Nikolai Ivanovich Kubertjev, a professor at the Moscow University in 1939, proposed a basic theory of catalysis called the theory of active groups. The basic principle of this theory can be described as follows: (1) The amorphous phase of the catalyst (atomic phase) is the catalyst of the catalytic activity, and its corresponding crystalline phase (metal catalyst or carrier) acts only as a catalyst-free carrier подкладка). (2) Any real surface has a mosaic structure. The crystalline phase carrier is also composed of many closed “honeycombs” (small areas) (Figure 1) - these small areas are called “active areas.” Between each other with a grid or a few screen walls separated from each other, to a certain extent, in the region of the inner surface of the atoms can not go beyond this kind of energy grid or a few screens.