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水果和蔬菜中的膳食纤维似乎可以帮助平复过度的免疫系统活动,这些活动往往会导致肠易激综合征、节段性回肠炎,甚至结肠癌。现在看来,富含纤维的饮食通过改变骨髓所产生的一些免疫细胞也能起到抵挡哮喘的作用。当人们吃够充足的水果和蔬菜时,肠道细菌会帮助消化这些纤维。这些细菌会发酵成特定类型的脂肪酸与免疫细胞相互作用,从而帮助抑制炎症。这种抗炎效应是否超越消化道所起的作用目前尚不明朗。然而,所讨论的脂肪酸也许可以通过血液循环,连接全身的免疫细胞。
Dietary fiber in fruits and vegetables seems to help calm down excess immune system activity, which often leads to irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn’s disease and even colon cancer. It now appears that fiber-rich diets can also counter asthma by changing some of the immune cells produced by the bone marrow. Gut bacteria help digest these fibers when people eat enough fruits and vegetables. These bacteria ferment to specific types of fatty acids that interact with immune cells, helping to suppress inflammation. Whether this anti-inflammatory effect exceeds the role of the digestive tract is not yet clear. However, the fatty acids in question may be able to connect whole body immune cells through the bloodstream.