“人的本质并不是单个人所固有的抽象物。在其现实性上,它是一切社会关系的总和。”马克思的这一定义并非实体性定义,而是一种功能性的界说。它可以作四个层次的理解:首先,它强调只有通过对人类社会发展中具有必然性的社会关系结构的考察,才能把握人的本质。其次,社会关系结构之所以是考察人的本质的依据,关 “The essence of man is not the abstraction inherent in a single person, in its reality, it is the sum of all social relations.” This definition of Marx is not a physical definition, but a functional definition. It can be understood at four levels: first, it emphasizes that the essence of human beings can be grasped only through the examination of the inevitably social social structure in the development of human society. Second, the reason why the structure of social relations is the basis for examining the nature of human beings