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如何来认识天然物?作者引用几个实例以说明天然物的重要意义并提出,对物质的毒性应予以新的认识。回顾动、植物来源的毒物的毒性时,其中最低等的生命物质——细菌产生的毒素占突出的地位,它们中大多为肽类化合物,如肉毒杆菌毒素(Botulinustoxins)和蓖麻毒(Ricin)都是高等植物产生的毒素。值得注意的是,蛙毒(Batrachotoxin)已于晚近阐明其作用原理。蛙毒具有改变细胞膜的性质,尤其是对神经纤维突触前的细胞膜,可使钠离子透入而去极化,因此它能消除由于释放乙酰胆碱而引起的静息电位。但是这种作用完全可以被河豚毒(Tetrodotoxin)所阻滞,河豚毒阻塞钠孔,阻滞钠离子透过膜壁。
How to know natural things? The author cites several examples to illustrate the significance of natural objects and proposes that new understanding of the toxicity of matter should be given. When reviewing the toxicity of animal-derived and plant-derived poisons, the toxins produced by bacteria, the lowest bio-metabolizers, are prominent, most of which are peptide compounds such as Botulinustoxins and Ricin ) Are toxins produced by higher plants. It is noteworthy that Batrachotoxin has recently elucidated its mechanism of action. Frog venom has the property of changing the cell membrane, especially to the pre-synaptic membrane of nerve fibers, which can penetrate and depolarize sodium ions, so it can eliminate the resting potentials caused by the release of acetylcholine. But this effect can be completely blocked by Tetrodotoxin, which blocks the sodium pore and blocks the sodium ions from passing through the membrane wall.