十三世纪是世界史上的一个大动荡的世纪。十三世纪初,成吉思汗统一蒙古草原上的各部落,建立了蒙古汗国。接着,他发动了一系列大规模的远征。在大半个世纪中,以成吉思汗为首的蒙古民族以雷霆万钧之势冲破了欧亚大陆上几百年来中世纪封建割据的长期黑暗停滞状态,对欧亚各国、各族人民的历史发展产生了无可比拟的深刻影响。成吉思汗及其子孙所率领的蒙古大军,消灭了无数封建割据的小国,建立起了一个空前庞大的横跨欧亚大陆的蒙古大帝国。在十三世纪这个世纪中,与蒙古军多次远征相联系,欧洲许多封建割据的小国崩溃了。在后来的世纪中,欧洲开始形成了一些大的封建国家,其后随着欧洲社会经济文化的向前发展,欧洲的中世纪黑暗长夜便逐渐结束了,不久就开始了欧洲走向迅速发展的资本主义时代。 The thirteenth century is a big turbulent century in the history of the world. In the early thirteenth century, Genghis Khan unified the various tribes on the Mongolian steppe and established Mongolia’s Khanate. Then he launched a series of large-scale expeditions. For more than half a century, the Mongolian nation headed by Genghis Khan broke through the long dark stasis of medieval feudal separatism over the centuries on the Eurasian Continent with the potential of a thunderbolt, and made it impossible for the historical development of the people of all ethnic groups in Europe and Asia. Compared to the profound impact. The great Mongol army led by Genghis Khan and his descendants, a small country that eliminated countless feudal separatists, established an unprecedented huge Mongol Empire across Eurasia. In the century of the thirteenth century, many small feudal separatist countries in Europe collapsed in association with the Mongolian army’s many expeditions. In the following centuries, Europe began to form some big feudal countries. Subsequently, with the development of social economy and culture in Europe, the dark medieval night of Europe gradually came to an end and soon began the rapid capitalism in Europe era.