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糖尿病是一种以血糖升高为特点的慢性代谢性疾病,其主要病理机制之一就是胰岛β细胞功能缺陷和β细胞数量减少。恢复胰岛β细胞数量及功能是改善甚至治愈糖尿病的有效方法。基于对调控胰岛β细胞生长发育分子机制的认识,最近研究证实了多种胰岛β细胞再生途径,包括β细胞自我复制增殖、非胰岛β细胞直接分化或重编程产生新的β细胞及相关分子促进β细胞再生等。本文旨在对胰岛β细胞再生的途径及可能机制进行概述,以期为糖尿病相关的细胞疗法提供依据。
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose. One of the major pathological mechanisms is the functional deficit of pancreatic β cells and the reduction of the number of β cells. Restoring islet β cell number and function is an effective way to improve or even cure diabetes. Based on the understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating the growth and development of pancreatic islet β cells, recent studies have demonstrated a variety of pancreatic β-cell regeneration pathways including β-cell self-replicating proliferation, direct β-cell differentiation and reprogramming of non-islet β cells and related molecular promotion β cell regeneration and so on. The purpose of this article is to summarize the pathways and possible mechanisms of pancreatic β-cell regeneration in order to provide a basis for diabetes-related cell therapy.