即使排除肥胖、活动、药物和并存疾病等因素, 空腹血糖和餐后血糖均随增龄而升高。不过,老年人血糖升高并无裨益,高血糖症就像增龄伴有血压升高一样是不正常的,而且和高血压一样,由此而引起的并发症也增多。两次复查空腹血糖均超过140mg/dl或者餐后2h血糖超过200mg/dl者就可确诊患糖尿病。按此标准则糖尿病随增龄患病率也上升。慢性高血糖会导致大血管并发症(如动脉硬化加快)以及微血管并发症(如视网膜病变、肾病和神经病变),这主要与高血糖分子学机制的多因素有关。细胞内葡萄糖增多则导致山梨醇增多,山梨醇在细胞内积存不但通过渗透的直接作用引起细胞中 Even excluding obesity, activity, drugs and co-morbidity and other factors, fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose increased with age. However, there is no benefit in the elderly with elevated blood glucose, which is as normal as age with increased blood pressure, and as with high blood pressure, resulting in increased complications. Two review of fasting blood glucose were more than 140mg / dl or 2h postprandial blood glucose more than 200mg / dl can be diagnosed with diabetes. According to this standard, the prevalence of diabetes also increases with age. Chronic hyperglycemia can lead to macrovascular complications (such as accelerated atherosclerosis) and microvascular complications (such as retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy), which are mainly due to multiple factors in the molecular mechanism of hyperglycemia. An increase in intracellular glucose leads to an increase in sorbitol, which accumulates in the cell not only by the direct effect of the infiltration