改革开放之后,乡村发生了从仅仅为城市提供工业化积累到通过自身的发展促进整个社会的现代化的角色转变,乡村基层组织制度也作出了某些调整。但是,作为乡村基层组织系统的核心的乡(镇)权力机构至今仍是农村发展和稳定的重大制约性障碍:乡(镇)政府的自我权力扩张和自我利益膨胀倾向,不仅成为加重农民负担的根本因素,而且阻断了中央或上级政府的政令,降低了国家支持农民的政策效益。 造成乡镇政权组织既远离了农民的利益也远离了国家利益的根本原因是传统的“单轨政治”在改革以后发生了断裂。 After the reform and opening up, the rural areas have undergone a change of roles from merely providing urbanization with industrialization to promoting the modernization of society as a whole through their own development, and some adjustments have been made in the system of rural grass-roots organizations. However, the township (town) power center which is the core of rural grassroots organizations system is still a major restrictive obstacle to the development and stability of rural areas till now. The self-expansion of power and self-interest of the township government not only become the burden to peasants But also blocked the government decree of the central or higher level government and lowered the policy efficiency of the state in supporting the peasants. The fundamental reason that caused the township political organizations to move away from the interests of peasants and the national interests is that the traditional “monorail” broke after the reform.