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先秦以来的儒家、道家、墨家、法家思想中都蕴含着极其丰富的慈善思想。东汉以后传入的佛教文化、唐宋至元明传入的伊斯兰教文化、明清时期和近代传入的基督教文化,也成为重要的慈善文化之源。中华传统慈善事业从古代发展到明清呈现出政府慈善、宗族慈善、宗教慈善和社会慈善交相运行的历史格局。中华慈善自古及今经历了两次发展转型:第一次发生在近代清朝光绪年间,以江南义赈为背景,标志是慈善的民间性;第二次发生在当代,以汶川地震为背景,标志是“全民慈善”的出现。第二次转型是对政府和慈善组织的考验。民办官助是中国慈善发展的合理定位。慈善组织机构的发展运营,应当走民营化(非政府化)、法制化、系统化、专业化和普及化之路。
Since the Qin dynasty, Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism and Legalism all contain extremely rich philanthropic thoughts. The Buddhist culture introduced since the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Islamic culture introduced from the Tang and Song Dynasties to the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the Christian culture introduced in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the modern times also became the source of important philanthropic culture. The traditional philanthropy in China developed from ancient times to the Ming and Qing Dynasties and showed the historical pattern of the operation of government charity, clan charity, religious charity and social charity. China Charity has undergone two transitions of development since ancient times and today: the first occurred in the Qing Dynasty in the Qing Dynasty in the Qing Dynasty, with Jiangnan Relief as the background, the symbol of charitable folkness; the second occurred in the contemporary era with the background of the Wenchuan earthquake, marking Is “universal charity ” appearance. The second transformation is a test of government and charities. Civilian official aid is a reasonable positioning of China’s charity development. The development and operation of charitable organizations should take the road of privatization (non-government), legalization, systematization, specialization and popularization.