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目的建立废用性骨质疏松动物模型,探讨发生废用性骨质疏松的最佳时间段。方法选取3个月龄SD大鼠78只,其中的72只大鼠随机均分为假手术组(S组)和模型组(M组),每组根据术后检测时间(1、2、4、6、8、12周)的时间段分为6个亚组,每组6只。另6只为空白对照组(BC组)。检测血清骨钙蛋白(BGP)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(Strap)及尿羟脯氨酸与尿肌酐比值(HOP/Cr);进行左胫骨近侧干骺段HE染色和Masson染色,观察骨组织形态学。结果随着去神经时间的延长,M组BGP和尿HOP/Cr逐渐降低,而ALP和Strap逐渐升高,4、6、8、12周的水平与1、2周差异明显(P<0.05),而术后4、6、8、12周之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。M组骨皮质变薄、孔隙增多、骨小梁稀疏、纤细并有多处断裂,小梁间吻合减少,骺板下区空旷,髓腔扩大,破骨细胞数增多。Masson染色见随着废用时间的延长,新生胶原的量也在减少。结论坐骨神经切断术是建立废用性骨质疏松动物模型的有效方法。在废用性骨质疏松形成过程中,骨形成显著持续降低,但速度趋缓,观察的最佳时间为造模后4-6周。
Objective To establish an animal model of disuse osteoporosis and explore the optimal time period for disuse osteoporosis. Methods Seventy-eight SD rats of 3 months old were selected, of which 72 rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (S group) and model group (M group) , 6, 8, 12 weeks) were divided into 6 subgroups, 6 in each group. The other 6 were blank control group (BC group). Serum levels of BGP, ALP, Strap, and HOP / Cr were measured. Left proximal metaphyseal segment HE Staining and Masson staining were used to observe the bone histomorphology. Results With the prolongation of denervation time, the levels of BGP and urine HOP / Cr in M group were gradually decreased, while the levels of ALP and Strap in M group were gradually increased. The differences between 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks and 1 and 2 weeks were significant (P <0.05) , But there was no significant difference between 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks postoperatively (P> 0.05). In group M, the cortical bone became thinner, the porosity increased, the trabecular bone became thinner, the slender trabecular bone became thinner, the slender trabecular bone was broken, the anastomosis between trabeculae decreased, the space under the epiphyseal plate was open, the medullary cavity enlarged and the number of osteoclasts increased. Masson staining shows that the amount of newborn collagen is also decreasing with the expiration of the time of decontamination. Conclusion Sciatic nerve transection is an effective method to establish an animal model of disuse osteoporosis. In the process of disuse osteoporosis, the formation of bone decreased significantly, but the rate of slowing down, the best time to observe the 4-6 weeks after the model.