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19世纪英国煤矿业取得令人瞩目的发展,但矿难问题也很严重。英国煤矿死亡人数一度成倍增加,煤矿业变得更加危险。但与煤炭产量以及就业人数相比,英国煤矿死亡率从19世纪50年代开始出现连续降低的趋势。这是由于此时煤矿人士从安全教育、矿井气压、煤炭市场等新的视角对事故成因进行解读;在矿道支撑、卷扬、瓦斯检测、通风等方面,新技术不断投入使用;议会的一系列立法也为煤矿安全生产保驾护航。这些是19世纪后期英国应对矿难的主要措施,也是煤矿业取得巨大进步的重要推动力。
The 19th century Britain’s coal mining industry made remarkable progress, but the mine disaster is also a serious problem. Coal mine death toll in the UK doubled once and the coal mining industry became even more dangerous. However, coal mine mortality in the UK has been declining continuously since the 1850s compared with coal production and employment. This is because coal miners now interpret the causes of the accident from new perspectives such as safety education, mine pressure and the coal market. New technologies are continuously put into use in mine support, hoisting, gas detection and ventilation, etc. Series of legislation for the safe production of coal mine escort. These are the main measures taken by Britain in the late 19th century to deal with mining accidents and are also an important driving force for the great progress made by the coal mining industry.