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背景 假定饮食纤维可减低冠心病、糖尿病及某些癌症的风险。关于饮食纤维的摄入对总死亡及特定原因死亡的作用了解甚微。方法美国卫生研究院-退休人员协会饮食与健康(NIH-AARP)前瞻性定群研究。我们调查了饮食纤维摄入与总死亡率及某些原因死亡的相关性。我们采用食物频次调查问卷做基线饮食评估。采用美国饮食死亡资料库信息识别死亡原因。采用Cox比例风险模式评价相关风险及双侧的95%可信区间(95%CI)。结果平均跟踪9年,我们识别出20 126例男性和11 330例女性死亡病例。饮食纤维的摄入使男性及女性的总死亡风险明显下降[最高与最低分值比较,多变量相关风险:男性0.78,95%CI(0.73,0.82),趋势检验P<0.001;女性0.78,95%CI(0.73,0.85),趋势检验P<0.001]。饮食纤维的摄入也减少了心血管、感染及呼吸系统疾病的死亡风险:男性24%～56%;女性34%～59%。发现:男性饮食纤维的摄入与癌症死亡呈负相关,女性则否。来自谷物而非其他食源的饮食纤维与男性及女性总及分原因死亡呈强负相关。结论饮食纤维可减少心血管、感染及呼吸系统疾病的死亡风险。常摄入含丰富纤维的食物有明显的健康获益性。
Background It is assumed that dietary fiber reduces the risk of coronary heart disease, diabetes and certain cancers. Little is known about the effect of dietary fiber intake on total and specific-cause deaths. Methodology US National Institutes of Health - Retiree Association Diet and Health (NIH-AARP) prospective cohort study. We investigated the association of dietary fiber intake with overall mortality and death from certain causes. We used a food frequency questionnaire to conduct a baseline diet assessment. US diet death database information to identify the cause of death. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the associated risk and the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) on both sides. With an average follow-up of 9 years, we identified 20,126 men and 11,330 women who died of the disease. Dietary fiber intake of total risk of death for men and women decreased significantly [the highest compared with the lowest score, multivariate risks associated with: male 0.78,95% CI (0.73,0.82), test for trend P <0.001; women 0.78,95 % CI (0.73, 0.85), trend test P <0.001]. Dietary fiber intake also reduces the risk of death from cardiovascular, infectious and respiratory diseases: 24% -56% for males and 34% -59% for females. Found: male dietary fiber intake and cancer death was negatively correlated, while women were not. Dietary fiber from cereals, but not other sources of food, is strongly and negatively related to the total number of deaths among men and women. Conclusion Dietary fiber can reduce the risk of death from cardiovascular, infectious and respiratory diseases. Frequent intake of food rich in fiber has obvious health benefits.