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在美国和欧洲,大多数环境刑事立法都着重规定了对违反行政规则行为的惩罚。许多立法不以“对环境的实际损害或损害威胁”为犯罪要件,故它们在维护了行政利益的同时忽视了环境利益。为弥补这种不足,本文详细分析了环境犯罪的四种模型,并在此基础上提出了一套分级惩罚模型,将四种模型与其相应的刑罚按照严重程度进行一定次序的排列。
In the United States and Europe, most environmental criminal legislation focuses on penalties for violations of administrative rules. Many legislations do not criminalize “actual or environmental damage to the environment,” so they neglect the interests of the environment while preserving their administrative interests. In order to remedy this problem, this paper analyzes four models of environmental crimes in detail, and on this basis, puts forward a set of grading punishment model, which arranges the four models and their corresponding penalties according to the severity in a certain order.