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目的了解兰州铁路局所属旅客列车空调通风系统和车厢空气卫生状况。方法依据《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》WS 394-2012和《旅客列车卫生及检测技术规范》,对兰州铁路局40列正常运行旅客列车送风中和风管内微生物指标进行检测。结果旅客列车运行中空调系统送风中、风管内细菌总数和真菌总数普遍超标,送风中的细菌总数超标率为52.50%~72.50%,不同车厢空调送风中细菌总数超标率间差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.517,P>0.05);真菌菌落总数超标率为30.00%~37.50%,不同车厢送风中真菌菌落总数超标率间差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.439,P>0.05);旅客列车空调风管内表面细菌总数平均值为167.69 cfu/m2、平均超标率为77.50%,真菌总数平均值为108.83 cfu/m2、平均超标率为28.75%,风管内细菌总数的平均值和超标率均高于真菌总数,且超标率差异有统计学意义(χ2=76.348,P<0.05)。结论兰州铁路局旅客列车空调通风系统污染严重,应引起铁路管理和卫生部门的重视。
Objective To understand the air conditioning and ventilation system of passenger trains belonging to Lanzhou Railway Administration and the air sanitation status of passenger compartment. Methods Based on “Health Code for Ventilation System of Central Air Conditioning System in Public Places” WS 394-2012 and “Technical Code for Hygiene and Detection of Passenger Trains”, the microbiological indexes in air and air ducts of 40 passenger trains operating normally in Lanzhou Railway Administration were tested. Results In the air-conditioning system of passenger train running, the total number of bacteria and the total number of fungi in the air duct exceeded the standard. The over-standard rate of total bacteria in the air supply was 52.50% -72.50%. There was no statistical difference between the over-standard rates of total bacteria in the air- (Χ2 = 3.517, P> 0.05). The total number of fungal colonies exceeded the standard ranged from 30.00% to 37.50%. There was no significant difference in the total number of fungal colonies in the air between different compartments (χ2 = 1.439, P> 0.05) The average number of bacteria on the inner surface of air-conditioned ducts of passenger trains was 167.69 cfu / m2, the average over-standard rate was 77.50%, the average number of fungi was 108.83 cfu / m2, the average over-standard rate was 28.75% Were higher than the total number of fungi, and the difference between the standard rate was statistically significant (χ2 = 76.348, P <0.05). Conclusions Lanzhou Railway Administration air pollution ventilation system of passenger trains seriously polluted, should be caused by the railway management and health departments attention.