本文是药物经济学讲座系列文章的第二篇。重点介绍了在药物开发阶段开展药物经济学研究的必要性，分析了产生这种要求的主要原因，讨论了新药开发不同临床试验阶段可以运行的经济学评价，以及药物经济学研究对广义药物开发的启迪作用。最后，针对药物经济学研究结果应用中可能出现的偏向，提出了应当注意的几个问题。 This article is the second in a series of articles in the Lecture Series on Pharmacoeconomics. The necessity of conducting pharmacoeconomic research in the drug development phase is highlighted. The main reasons for this requirement are analyzed. The economic evaluation of the new drug development that can run in different clinical trial phases is discussed, and the study of pharmacoeconomics on generalized drug development The inspirational role. Finally, according to the possible bias in the application of the results of pharmacoeconomics, several problems that should be noticed are put forward.