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文章介绍了扫描隧道显微术中微分谱学的原理及其在实验中的诸多应用.微分谱(dI/dV谱)和dI/dV成像可用来研究电子局域态密度在能量和空间的分布,即微分谱固定空间一点,反映电子态密度以能量为变量的分布;而dI/dV图像则反映某给定能量的电子局域态密度以空间为变量的分布.二次微分谱(d2I/dV2谱)和二次微分成像可以用来反映分子的非弹性隧穿过程,从而研究分子的振动态.
In this paper, the principles of differential spectroscopy in scanning tunneling microscopy and its applications in experiments are introduced.Diffraction spectra (dI / dV spectra) and dI / dV imaging can be used to study the distribution of electronic local density of states in energy and space , That is, a fixed point in the differential spectrum, which reflects the distribution of electron density of states as a function of energy. On the other hand, the dI / dV image reflects the spatial distribution of density of electron localized states for a given energy. The quadratic differential spectrum (d2I / dV2 spectra) and quadratic differential imaging can be used to reflect the inelastic tunneling process of molecules in order to study the vibrational state of the molecule.