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【目的】分析家庭环境因素对流动人口学龄前儿童语言的影响,为学龄前流动人口中儿童保健提供参考意见。【方法】采用现场问家长试卷和现场测试儿童相结合的方式,使用图片词汇测试,对上海市静安区154名3~5岁入园体检的流动人口儿童语言发展情况进行调查(观察组),另随机抽取本区户籍同龄入园体检儿童为对照(对照组)。【结果】①3个年龄段儿童语言智商随着年龄的增长逐渐升高(P<0.05),两组儿童各年龄段智商相比差异存在显著性(P<0.001),②父母亲的文化程度及收入、主要照顾人的文化程度及性格、儿童接受早期教育,两组比较差异均有显著性。【结论】年龄是影响儿童词汇发展最主要的因素;静安区流动人口中3~5岁儿童存在语言发展落后,儿童家庭环境和社会环境是主要影响因素。
【Objective】 To analyze the impact of family environment on the language of preschool children in floating population and to provide reference for children’s health care among preschool floating population. 【Methods】 A questionnaire was used to test the language development of 154 migrant children aged 3 ~ 5 years old in Jingan District of Shanghai, using the method of on - the - spot questioning of parents and on - the - spot testing of children. Another randomly selected children of the same age in the district registered children as a control (control group). 【Results】 ①The linguistic IQ of children in three age groups increased gradually with age (P <0.05). There was significant difference in IQ between the two groups (P <0.001), ②The level of parental education and Income, major caregiver’s educational level and character, children receiving early education, the difference between the two groups was significant. 【Conclusion】 Age is the most important factor that affects the development of children’s vocabulary. The children aged 3 to 5 in the floating population of Jing’an District have the backward development of language, and the children’s family environment and social environment are the main influencing factors.