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目的了解上海市1999~2004年麻疹流行病学特征。方法对1999~2004年麻疹发病情况进行描述流行病学分析。结果1999~2004年麻疹年平均发病率为2.69/10万,外来人口发病率高于本市人口,发病率呈现一年高一年低的趋势。病例集中在3~5月,多为无明确麻疹减毒活疫苗(MV)免疫史者,本市人口以未及MV初免月龄儿童和≥20岁成人病例为主,远郊区发病率高于近郊区和市区,外来人口麻疹病例集中在<10岁儿童及外来务工人员。共报告麻疹爆发94起,涉及348例。本市人口爆发主要为成人,外来人口每年均有爆发,但爆发起数逐年下降,外来人口自办学校中麻疹爆发已基本得到控制。结论本市人口中成人发病增多,外来儿童中MV接种率低,存在免疫空白,是上海市消除麻疹亟需解决的问题。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Shanghai from 1999 to 2004. Methods Epidemiological analysis of the incidence of measles from 1999 to 2004 was conducted. Results The average annual incidence of measles in 1999-2004 was 2.69 / 100 000, the incidence of migrant population was higher than that of the city population, and the incidence rate showed a trend of one year high and one year low. The cases concentrated in March to May, mostly without measles measles live attenuated vaccine (MV) history of immunization, the population of this city and MV less than the first month of age children and adults ≥ 20 years of cases, the outskirts of the high incidence In the suburbs and urban areas, measles cases of migrants are concentrated in children <10 years old and migrant workers. A total of 94 measles cases were reported, involving 348 cases. The outbreak of population in this Municipality is mainly for adults and the number of migrants is outbreak every year. However, the number of outbreaks has been declining year by year. The outbreak of measles in schools run by non-native population has been basically controlled. Conclusion The increase of adult population, the low immunization rate of MV among foreign children and the existence of immune blanket are the problems to be solved urgently in Shanghai to eliminate measles.