论文部分内容阅读
名词作为实词的重要一类,一直是高考的考点和学生学习韵难点。而且,随着新课标准的实施和新版教材在高考试题中的体现,名词的考查也体现出新的特点和趋向。为便于考生学习和备考,下面将结合近年各地高考试题,分析、归纳如下:
趋向一、近义词辨析的考查
纵观近年各省市高考试题,近义词辨析的题目日趋增多、难度日趋增大,成为名词考查的主体。请看下列试题:
1. School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous______.(NMET 2006辽宁)
A.statesB.conditions
C.situationsD.positions
【解析】选C。该句语境为:小学生必须接受如何应付危险情况的教育。A项表示所处的
“状态、状况”,B项表“条件、环境”,D项表“方位、位置”,而C项则表示the circumstances and things that are happening at a particular time and in a particular place局势、情况,符合题意。
2.Always read the______on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.(NMET2006 福建)
A.explanationsB.instructions
C.descriptionsD.introductions
【解析】选B。语境为:认真阅读药瓶上的说明并按计量要求服用。 A项表“解释”,C项表“描述”,D项表“介绍、引言”,而B项表detailed information on how to use or do说明,故选B。
3.—If you like I can do some shopping for you.
—That’s a very kind____.(NMET 2006浙江)
A.offerB.serviceC.pointD.suggestion
【解析】选A。A项强调suggestion or help given willingly主动提出的建议、帮助,承接上句I can do something for you
4.Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_____.(NMET2005天津)
A.abilityB.forceC.strengthD.mind
【解析】选C。A项表能做好某事的抽象的“能力”,B项尤指“产生或克服阻力的力,也可为人的精神力量”,D项指“头脑、智力”,而C项表the quality of being strong体力,与前文的physical exercise对应。
5.My_____of this weekend’s activity is going out with some good friends.(NMET 2005安徽)
A.ideaB.opinionC.mindD.thought
【解析】选A。 B项“针对某事或某人,个人的看法、见解”,C项如4题所述,D项表“思考的结果:思想”,而A项表a plan or suggestion for a possible course of action关于未来活动的计划、建议或是主意,结合句意,A项最佳。
6.The manager has got a good business______so the company is doing well.(NMET 2003北京春季)
A.ideaB.senseC.thoughtD.thinking
【解析】选B。B项表good and esp.practical understanding and judgment判断力、辨别力或头脑,其它选项不合句意。
【备考提示】面对英语学习中的大量近义词,仅凭母语我们往往无法把它们真正理解和解释清楚。要尽可能地多翻阅英语词典,注意并比较它们的基本义,用英语的思维方式和语言来解释和理解它们。
趋向二、新版教材名词固定搭配
作为对新版教材的体现,新版教材里的一些新出现的名词固定搭配得到了较多的一种考查。请看下面试题:
7.______achievement,last week’s ministerial meeting of the WTO here earned a low,though not failing,grade.(NMET 2006湖南)
A.In terms ofB.In case of
C.As a result ofD.In face of
【解析】选A。语境为:就成绩而言,上周WTO在这里的部长级会议得分不高,尽管还不至于不及格。B项表“如果”,C项表“因为”,D项表“面对……”,A项表“关于、至于”,符合题意。
8.It is said that dogs will keep you_____for aS long aS you want when you are feeling lonely.(NMET 2006江西)
A.safetyB.companyC.houseD.friend
【解析】选B。新考纲词组keep sb. company使……有人/物陪伴,其它项不合句意。
9.At the meeting they discussed three different______to the study of mathematics.(NMET 2006湖北)
A.approachesB.means
C.methodsD.ways
【解析】选A。考纲新词汇approach可表“方法”,但只能与介词to搭配。
10.A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics,which_____will promote its economic development.(NMET 2006山东)
A.in natureB.in returnC.in turn D.in fact
【解析】选C。A项表“在自然界”,B项多于for连用表“以……为交换/回报”,而C项表as a result of sth.相应地、转而,符合语境,故选C。
11.—These books are too heavy for me to carry.
—____.(NMET 2006辽宁)
A.You may ask for help
B.I’ll give you a hand
C.I’ll do you a favor
D. I’d come to help
【解析】选B。give sb. a hand表“帮某人一把”,是固定搭配。
【备考提示】面对教材里的词组、搭配,我们要注意收集和整理,并尤其要加强新出现的固定搭配的记忆和分类汇总。
趋向三、单词基本义的引申和拓展正逐步得到重视
近年来,常见单词的陌生义项在高考试题中不时出现,给部分考生造成了不小的障碍。请看下列试题:
12.To make members of a team perform better,the trainer first of all has to know their_____ and weaknesses.(NMET 2006湖北)
A.strengthsB.benefits
C.techniquesD.values
【解析】选A。语境为:要使队员表现得更好,教练员首先得清楚每个队员的优点和缺点。B项表“利益、好处”,不合题意。而A项除表体力外,还可引申为可数名词something providing force or power优点、强项,符合语境。
13.The ______ on his face told me that he was angry.(NMET 2006湖北)
A.impressionB.sight
C.appearance D.expression
【解析】选D。语境为:他脸上的表情告诉我他生气了。A项表“心里留下关于某事、某人的印象”,B项表“视力、情境”,C项表“表面、外表”,而D项基本义为“表达、词组”,但其也可引申为a look on a person’s face表情,故选D项。
14.The head office of the bank is in Beijing,but it has_____all over the country.(NMET 2005辽宁)
A.companiesB.branches
C.organizationsD.businesses
【解析】选B。B项除表“树枝”的基本以外,还可引申为a part or division of a large organization/group分支机构,与the head office相对应。
【备考提示】平时多翻阅英语词典,尽可能了解最常见单词的新义项。同时,加强英语材料的接触,拓展自己的知识面,提高自己的英语水平。
(审稿:马燕编校:)
趋向一、近义词辨析的考查
纵观近年各省市高考试题,近义词辨析的题目日趋增多、难度日趋增大,成为名词考查的主体。请看下列试题:
1. School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous______.(NMET 2006辽宁)
A.statesB.conditions
C.situationsD.positions
【解析】选C。该句语境为:小学生必须接受如何应付危险情况的教育。A项表示所处的
“状态、状况”,B项表“条件、环境”,D项表“方位、位置”,而C项则表示the circumstances and things that are happening at a particular time and in a particular place局势、情况,符合题意。
2.Always read the______on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.(NMET2006 福建)
A.explanationsB.instructions
C.descriptionsD.introductions
【解析】选B。语境为:认真阅读药瓶上的说明并按计量要求服用。 A项表“解释”,C项表“描述”,D项表“介绍、引言”,而B项表detailed information on how to use or do说明,故选B。
3.—If you like I can do some shopping for you.
—That’s a very kind____.(NMET 2006浙江)
A.offerB.serviceC.pointD.suggestion
【解析】选A。A项强调suggestion or help given willingly主动提出的建议、帮助,承接上句I can do something for you
4.Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_____.(NMET2005天津)
A.abilityB.forceC.strengthD.mind
【解析】选C。A项表能做好某事的抽象的“能力”,B项尤指“产生或克服阻力的力,也可为人的精神力量”,D项指“头脑、智力”,而C项表the quality of being strong体力,与前文的physical exercise对应。
5.My_____of this weekend’s activity is going out with some good friends.(NMET 2005安徽)
A.ideaB.opinionC.mindD.thought
【解析】选A。 B项“针对某事或某人,个人的看法、见解”,C项如4题所述,D项表“思考的结果:思想”,而A项表a plan or suggestion for a possible course of action关于未来活动的计划、建议或是主意,结合句意,A项最佳。
6.The manager has got a good business______so the company is doing well.(NMET 2003北京春季)
A.ideaB.senseC.thoughtD.thinking
【解析】选B。B项表good and esp.practical understanding and judgment判断力、辨别力或头脑,其它选项不合句意。
【备考提示】面对英语学习中的大量近义词,仅凭母语我们往往无法把它们真正理解和解释清楚。要尽可能地多翻阅英语词典,注意并比较它们的基本义,用英语的思维方式和语言来解释和理解它们。
趋向二、新版教材名词固定搭配
作为对新版教材的体现,新版教材里的一些新出现的名词固定搭配得到了较多的一种考查。请看下面试题:
7.______achievement,last week’s ministerial meeting of the WTO here earned a low,though not failing,grade.(NMET 2006湖南)
A.In terms ofB.In case of
C.As a result ofD.In face of
【解析】选A。语境为:就成绩而言,上周WTO在这里的部长级会议得分不高,尽管还不至于不及格。B项表“如果”,C项表“因为”,D项表“面对……”,A项表“关于、至于”,符合题意。
8.It is said that dogs will keep you_____for aS long aS you want when you are feeling lonely.(NMET 2006江西)
A.safetyB.companyC.houseD.friend
【解析】选B。新考纲词组keep sb. company使……有人/物陪伴,其它项不合句意。
9.At the meeting they discussed three different______to the study of mathematics.(NMET 2006湖北)
A.approachesB.means
C.methodsD.ways
【解析】选A。考纲新词汇approach可表“方法”,但只能与介词to搭配。
10.A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics,which_____will promote its economic development.(NMET 2006山东)
A.in natureB.in returnC.in turn D.in fact
【解析】选C。A项表“在自然界”,B项多于for连用表“以……为交换/回报”,而C项表as a result of sth.相应地、转而,符合语境,故选C。
11.—These books are too heavy for me to carry.
—____.(NMET 2006辽宁)
A.You may ask for help
B.I’ll give you a hand
C.I’ll do you a favor
D. I’d come to help
【解析】选B。give sb. a hand表“帮某人一把”,是固定搭配。
【备考提示】面对教材里的词组、搭配,我们要注意收集和整理,并尤其要加强新出现的固定搭配的记忆和分类汇总。
趋向三、单词基本义的引申和拓展正逐步得到重视
近年来,常见单词的陌生义项在高考试题中不时出现,给部分考生造成了不小的障碍。请看下列试题:
12.To make members of a team perform better,the trainer first of all has to know their_____ and weaknesses.(NMET 2006湖北)
A.strengthsB.benefits
C.techniquesD.values
【解析】选A。语境为:要使队员表现得更好,教练员首先得清楚每个队员的优点和缺点。B项表“利益、好处”,不合题意。而A项除表体力外,还可引申为可数名词something providing force or power优点、强项,符合语境。
13.The ______ on his face told me that he was angry.(NMET 2006湖北)
A.impressionB.sight
C.appearance D.expression
【解析】选D。语境为:他脸上的表情告诉我他生气了。A项表“心里留下关于某事、某人的印象”,B项表“视力、情境”,C项表“表面、外表”,而D项基本义为“表达、词组”,但其也可引申为a look on a person’s face表情,故选D项。
14.The head office of the bank is in Beijing,but it has_____all over the country.(NMET 2005辽宁)
A.companiesB.branches
C.organizationsD.businesses
【解析】选B。B项除表“树枝”的基本以外,还可引申为a part or division of a large organization/group分支机构,与the head office相对应。
【备考提示】平时多翻阅英语词典,尽可能了解最常见单词的新义项。同时,加强英语材料的接触,拓展自己的知识面,提高自己的英语水平。
(审稿:马燕编校:)