AIM: To study the brain-gut interaction and the effect of behavioral or psychiatric conditions on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in an African population. METHODS: IBS was diagnosed using the Rome Ⅱ diagnostic criteria. The entry of each patient was confirmed following detailed explanations of the questions. Four hundred and eighteen patients were studied. Subjects satisfying the Rome Ⅱ criteria for IBS were physically examined and stool microscopy was done to identify the presence of “alarm factors”. Depression was diagnosed using the symptom-check list adapted from the Research Diagnostic Criteria (DSM-Ⅳ) of the American Psychiatric Association. RESULTS: Seventy-five (56.8%) of the 132 IBS patients were depressed whereas only 54 (20.1%) of the 268 non-IBS patients were depressed. There was a significant relationship between IBS and depression (χ2 = 54.29, Odds ratio = 5.21, 56.8 ± 8.4 vs 20.1 ± 5.2, P = 0.001). Even though constipation predominant IBS patients were more likely to be depressed, no significant relationship was found between the subtype of IBS and depression (χ2 = 0.02, OR = 0.95, P = 0.68). CONCLUSION: IBS is significantly associated with major depression but not gender and bowel subtypes of the patients. Patients with IBS need to be evaluated for depression due to the highly significant relationship between the two conditions. AIM: To study the brain-gut interaction and the effect of behavioral or psychiatric conditions on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in an African population. METHODS: IBS was diagnosed using the Rome Ⅱ diagnostic criteria. The entry of each patient was well following detailed explanations of the questions. Four hundred and eighteen patients were studied. Subjects satisfying the Rome II criteria for IBS were physically examined and stool microscopy was done to identify the presence of “alarm factors.” Depression was diagnosed using the symptom-check list adapted from The Research Diagnostic Criteria (DSM-IV) of the American Psychiatric Association. RESULTS: Seventy-five (56.8%) of the 132 IBS patients were grouped as follows: 54 (20.1%) of the 268 non-IBS patients were depressed. There was A significant relationship between IBS and depression (χ2 = 54.29, Odds ratio = 5.21, 56.8 ± 8.4 vs. 20.1 ± 5.2, P = 0.001). Even though the predispation predominant IBS patients were more likely to be depressed, no significant relationship was found between the subtype of IBS and depression (χ2 = 0.02, OR = 0.95, P = 0.68) CONCLUSION: IBS is significantly associated with major depression but not gender and bowel subtypes of the patients. Patients with IBS need to be for for due due the highly significant relationship between the two conditions.