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20世纪末至21世纪初期,是中国城市从传统城市模式向现代城市模式转型的结构性转型期,伴随着我国城市化进程的加快,在我国城市中出现了一个特殊的群体,那就是城市中的流动人口。两年前国家统计局开展了一次全国1%人口抽样调查工作,根据国家公布的统计数据显示,目前我国总人口已突破13亿大关。令人注意的是,这份公报公布的第二个数据,就是全国流动人口的数据:全国人口中流动人口为14735万人,其中,跨省流动人口4779万人。流动人口,这个在改革开放以后频频出现的新词汇,在地域界线越来越模糊的今天,它的存在已越来越受到人们的重视。在这次的人口统计工作中,统计人员发现中国城市流动人口主要集中在沿海地带,而且客观存在着三大城市流动人口圈:一是京津连流动人口圈,二是沪宁杭流动人口圈,三是广深厦流动人口圈,这三大城市流动人口圈以其区位优势、劳动就业机会、预期收益、市场运行机制等因素,决定了其必然成为中国流动人口的重要吸纳地。城市流动人口,又常常被称为外来务工人员,它的存在,在中国城市建设和经济发展过程中,在一定程度上满足了中国城市发展的用工需求,为推动中国城市化进程起到了不容忽视的作用。但是,城市流动人口作为一个特殊群体,由于存在户籍制度、教育制度、社会保障制度等一系列制度性障碍,他们在促进城市经济社会快速发展的同时,也给城市管理等工作也带来了不小的难度。消防弱势群体,是消防社会学的一个研究范畴。我们从近年来消防部门的火灾统计中报表中发现,由于流动人口在个人收入、工作条件、文化知识、防范意识以及逃生技能等方面的欠缺,外来流动人口在火灾伤亡人数中始终占据着大约近三分之一的比例。流动人口,因其数目庞大,流动性强,往往具有一定的隐蔽性,消防安全和火灾防范意识淡薄,自我保护能力和抵抗风险的能力较差,一直是消防部门关注的弱势群体。本刊以上海作为研究对象,从外来流动人口的消防安全现状、管理难题,以及上海市嘉定区马陆镇的外口公寓管理经验等方面展开分析,以求全面深入地了解城市流动人口这一消防弱势群体。
From the end of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century, it is a structural transition period for the Chinese cities to transform from the traditional urban model to the modern urban model. With the acceleration of urbanization in our country, a special group has emerged in our cities, that is, Floating population. Two years ago, the National Bureau of Statistics conducted a survey on 1% of the population in China. According to the statistics released by the country, the total population in China now exceeds 1.3 billion. What is remarkable is that the second data released in the communique is the data of the floating population in the country: the floating population of the entire country is 147.35 million, of which 47.79 million are floating population across provinces. The floating population, a new word frequently appearing after the reform and opening up, has been paid more and more attention by the day when the geographical boundary becomes increasingly blurred. In this demographic survey, statisticians found that the floating population in urban areas of China mainly concentrated in the coastal areas, and there are objectively three major urban floating population circles: one is the population circle of Beijing-Tianjin-Lianhuan and the other is the floating population circle of Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou The third is the floating population circle of Guangshenxia. Due to their geographical advantages, employment opportunities, expected benefits and market operation mechanism, the floating population circles of the three major cities have decided that they will inevitably become an important absorption destination for China’s floating population. Urban migrants, often referred to as migrant workers, whose existence, to a certain extent, meets the labor demand of urban development in China during their urban construction and economic development, have played a significant role in promoting the urbanization in China Role. However, due to the existence of a series of institutional barriers such as the household registration system, education system and social security system, urban migrants, as a special group, have not only brought rapid urban economic and social development, but also brought about such problems as urban management. Small difficulty. Fire vulnerable groups, is a sociology of fire research area. From the fire statistics report of the fire department in recent years, we find that because of the lack of floating population in terms of personal income, working conditions, cultural knowledge, prevention awareness and escape skills, the floating population always occupies about the same number of fire casualties One-third of the ratio. Floating population, because of its large number and strong liquidity, often has a certain degree of concealment, low awareness of fire safety and fire prevention, and poor self-protection and risk-resistance capability. It has always been a vulnerable group that the fire department is concerned about. This article takes Shanghai as the research object, analyzes the fire safety status and management problems of the floating population, and the management experience of the foreign apartment in Malu Town, Jiading District of Shanghai so as to have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the urban floating population. Vulnerable Groups.