一、研究的意义与目的人对自己或他人的各种行为结果总要进行原因的解释或推断,这是人理解世界和控制环境的基本需要。人对行为的理解大体上归为三种:有时将它归因于外部原因(如环境、情境、他人的言行、诱因刺激等);有时归因于本性或内部状态(如认知、情绪情感、意志、信念、价值观、性格与能力等);有时归因于两者的结合(即内外原因的结合)。研究这种现象及其规律的理论称之为归因理论,它最初是由美国社会心理学家海德等提出的。把归因理论应用到教育上,进行教育心理学的研究,并提出“控制点”有罗特和韦纳等人。所谓控制点就是自己所知觉、所承认的控制个人行为及其成败结果的内外力量的位置所在。它是人对自己的行为结果负有责任的认知倾向。罗特认为,有些人 First, the meaning of the study and the purpose of the various acts of their own or others, the results of the total reasons for the explanation or reasoning, which is the basic needs of people to understand the world and control of the environment. Generally speaking, people’s understanding of behavior falls into three categories: sometimes it is attributed to external causes (such as environment, situation, words and actions of others, incentives and so on); sometimes due to the nature or internal state (such as cognition, emotion , Will, beliefs, values, character, ability, etc.); sometimes attributed to the combination of the two (ie, the combination of internal and external causes). The theory of studying this phenomenon and its laws is called attribution theory. It was first proposed by Hyde, a social psychologist in the United States. Attribution theory is applied to education, educational psychology research, and put forward “control point” has Roth and Weiner and others. The so-called control point is what we perceive and recognize as the position of internal and external forces that control the behavior of individuals and their successes and failures. It is a person’s cognitive tendency to be responsible for the results of their actions. Roth thinks some people