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黑哨是裁判和参赛一方合谋掠夺另一方财富的手段,它的泛滥不但造成了资源的无效率配置,还阻止了体育产业的健康发展。本文用经济学的理论和博弈论的方法,从裁判和比赛参与者的角度分析了黑哨的形成原因、形成过程以及黑哨查处中的困难。分析认为,黑哨是裁判和参赛者为追求自身利益最大化而相互博弈的结果,一旦黑哨协议达成,查处是异常困难的,有必要建立一套外部机制来约束裁判和参赛者的行为。
The black whistle is a means by which the referee and the participating party conspire to plunder the wealth of the other party. Its proliferation not only causes the inefficient allocation of resources but also prevents the healthy development of the sports industry. This paper analyzes the causes, forming process and the difficulties in the investigation and prosecution of black whistles from the perspectives of referees and game participants by the methods of economics and game theory. According to the analysis, the black whistle is the result of mutual game between the referee and the competitor in pursuit of maximizing their own interests. Once the black whistle agreement is reached, the investigation and handling is extremely difficult. It is necessary to establish an external mechanism to restrain the conduct of the referee and the entrant.