智力资本并不是新事物,其自第一位卖主与客户建立起良好的关系之时就已出现,那时被称为信誉。最近二十年,其在信息技术、媒体和通讯等重要技术领域得到了迅猛发展,取代机器设备、资金、原料和劳动力,成为企业经营最重要的生产要素。换言之,企业竞争优势的来源不再是土地、设备、厂房等实物资本,决胜的关键因素在于企业拥有的无形资产和知识创造的价值。对美国五 Intellectual capital is not new, it has emerged since the first seller established a good relationship with his client, then called credit. In the recent two decades, it has enjoyed rapid development in such important technological fields as information technology, media and communications. It has replaced machinery and equipment, capital, raw materials and labor and become the most important production factor for business operation. In other words, the source of corporate competitive advantage is no longer the physical capital of land, equipment, factories, etc. The key factor in winning the victory lies in the value of intangible assets and knowledge created by enterprises. Five on the United States