本文基于贸易品种类增长的福利内涵和Feenstra(1994)开发的测度进口种类变化的技术方法,利用CEPII的BACI数据库1995~2005年HS-6位数微观国际贸易数据,从种类变化的角度考察了进口贸易影响制造业全要素生产率的精确机制。我们发现,进口种类对中国制造业全要素生产率的影响存在两种不同的效应。大部分上游行业进口种类的增加对中国制造业全要素生产率的提高有显著的促进作用(水平效应),而大部分行业自身进口种类的增加未能有效促进全要素生产率水平的提高(直接竞争效应)。两种效应的影响机制和作用程度的差异取决于进口来源国和行业的技术水平。 Based on the welfare connotation of the growth of tradable species and the technical method developed by Feenstra (1994) to measure the change of imported species, this paper uses micro-international trade data of HS-6 digits from 1995 to 2005 in BEPI database of CEPII to examine the change of species Import trade affects the exact mechanism of manufacturing total factor productivity. We find that there are two different effects on the total factor productivity of China’s manufacturing industry. The increase of most upstream industries’ import types can significantly promote the total factor productivity of China’s manufacturing industry (horizontal effect), while the increase of the import categories of most industries fails to effectively promote the improvement of total factor productivity (direct competitive effect ). The difference in the mechanism and extent of the effects of the two effects depends on the skill level of the country of import and the industry.