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心肌纤维化是临床上多种心脏疾病共同经历的一种病理过程，对心脏细胞重构、心脏的电传导、心功能等都有很大的影响。微小RNA是一类由16～22个核苷酸分子组成的单链非编码核糖核酸片段，以调控基因表达的方式参与各种生理和病理过程。在心肌纤维化的病理发展过程里，很多种微小RNA被发现参与其中，并且在心肌纤维化过程中扮演重要的角色，有的起到促进心肌纤维化作用，有的则有抑制心肌纤维化的心肌保护作用。研究这些微小RNA和心肌纤维化之间的关系，可丰富临床对心肌纤维化的诊疗思路和途径。现对近年研究发现的一部分参与调节心肌纤维化的微小RNA做一综述。“,”Myocardial fibrosis is a pathological process that a variety of heart diseases commonly experience in clinical practice .Myo-cardial fibrosis has a grave impact on cardiac function ,reconstitution of cardiac cell and the electrical conduction of the heart .In addition, miRNA is a type of single noncoding RNA fragment ,which is composed of approximately 16 to 22 units of nucleotide molecules .It is involved in a various physiological and pathological processes in the form of a genetic expression regulator .In myocardial fibrosis development process , a number of miRNA have been found to be involved and play pivotal roles .Some miRNA facilitate the process of myocardial fibrosis ,while other miRNA restrain the process instead to protect the myocardium .Studying the relationship between miRNA and myocardial fibrosis would enrich practitioners ’ insights and affect the way of thinking during clinical diagnosis and treatments .This article summarizes the recent study of miRNA that exert their influences during the process of myocardial fibrosis .