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文学制度是文学生产、流通和消费过程中所形成的社会机制和文学场域。随着传统社会向现代社会的转型,文学的生产方式也从个体写作转向制度写作,文学不再是纯粹的意识观念和语言形式,而成为各种社会力量参与创造的场所。现代社会的职业作家创作机制,报纸杂志的传媒机制,读者接受的消费机制,文学社团、文学机构的组织机制以及文学批评的规约机制等等,共同形成了中国作家写作难以逾越的文学制度。文学制度作为文学生产中的一种体制力量,在其背后也隐藏着知识与权力、个人与社会、自由与规则等多重矛盾。目前的文学研究对文学制度理论和现象都缺乏深入的探究,虽然对文学的社会背景、文学的出版与传播、文学的社团与流派、文学教育与文学创作之间复杂关系的研究,已经涉及到了文学的制度问题,但却没有上升到文学制度的理论高度,缺乏制度研究的“自觉意识”。因此,文学制度无论是对中国文论建设还是中国文学史研究而言,都应该成为一个可以深入讨论的理论话题。本刊现组织四篇关于文学制度的笔谈,分别就文学制度与文学研究的有关问题展开不同的理解和阐释,以期推动对该论题的深入讨论。
The literary system is the social mechanism and literary field formed in the process of literature production, circulation and consumption. With the transformation of traditional society to modern society, the mode of production of literature also shifted from individual writing to institutional writing. Literature is no longer a purely conceptual and linguistic form, but a place where various social forces participate in creating. The writing system of writers in modern society, the media mechanism of newspapers and magazines, the consumption mechanism accepted by readers, the organization of literary societies, the organization of literary institutions and the statute mechanism of literary criticism all together form an insurmountable literary system for Chinese writers. As a kind of institutional power in literary production, the literary system behind it also contains multiple contradictions such as knowledge and power, individual and society, freedom and rule. The current literary studies lack a thorough exploration of the theories and phenomena of the literary system. Although the study of the complex relationship between the social background of literature, the publication and dissemination of literature, the associations and genres of literature, literary education and literary creation has been involved However, it did not rise to the theoretical level of the literary system and lacked the “conscientiousness” of system research. Therefore, the literary system should become a theoretical topic that can be discussed in depth both for the construction of Chinese literary theory and for the study of Chinese literary history. The journal now organizes four written articles on the literary system and separately interprets and discusses the issues related to the literary system and literary studies with a view to promoting in-depth discussions on the subject.