为了研究条形基础地基的剪切破坏形式和承载机理,在相似理论的指导下,设计并完成了两组不同模型试验,模拟了砂土和粉质粘土两种不同地基受荷后产生变形,扩展直到破坏的全过程;测量并分析了地基中不同点处的土压力大小和分布规律,观测了剪切带的形成和发展过程。结果表明模型试验能够很好的体现地基的受力变形特征、地基中各点的真实应力状态及变化规律,在研究深基坑变形过程、破坏形态等方面具有理论研究意义。 In order to study the shear failure mode and bearing mechanism of strip foundation, two sets of different model tests were designed and completed under the guidance of similar theory. The deformation of two different ground types of sand and silty clay was simulated, Expanding and destroying the whole process. The size and distribution of earth pressure at different points in the foundation were measured and analyzed, and the formation and development of shear zone were observed. The results show that the model test can well reflect the stress and deformation characteristics of the foundation, and the true stress state and variation of each point in the foundation have theoretical significance in studying the deformation process and failure mode of deep foundation pit.