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目的掌握衡水市流行性出血热(EHF)人间、鼠间疫情情况,为制定预防控制策略和措施提供科学依据。方法从2004—2009年采用病原学、血清学等方法对辖区内鼠密度、鼠带毒率、健康人隐性感染率进行横断面的调查。结果 6年中共计捕鼠1596只,其中褐家鼠占捕鼠总数的55.26%,占室内家栖鼠的63.97%,为衡水市家栖鼠的优势鼠种。家栖褐家鼠带毒率为9.04%,高于其他鼠种。6年中,鼠密度A段(2004—2006年)与B段(2007—2009年)差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.048,df=1,P>0.05);而带毒率B高于A(χ2=14.70,P<0.01,df=1)。6年中健康人隐性感染率呈逐年上升趋势(χ2=107.92,P<0.01,df=5)。平均感染率达7.73%,男女性别间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.091,P>0.05,df=1)。感染率以40～59年龄组较高(χ2=4.71～6.28,P<0.05,df=1)其他各年龄组之间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.28～3.64,P>0.05,df=1)。结论衡水市优势鼠种为褐家鼠,作为EHF传染源,褐家鼠有重要意义。近几年EHF发病率和健康人隐性感染率的逐年上升与褐家鼠带毒率增加有密切相关。建议在EHF防治工作中将大规模灭鼠工作与重点消灭带毒鼠结合起来。
Objective To grasp the epidemic situation of human and mouse in epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF) in Hengshui City, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods From 2004 to 2009, the pathological, serological and other methods were used to investigate the cross-sectional investigation of rat density, rat poisoning rate and latent infection rate in healthy people. Results A total of 1596 mice were caught in 6 years, of which Rattus norvegicus accounted for 55.26% of the total number of catches and 63.97% of indoor domestic rats, which was the dominant species in Hengshui. Home habitat brown rat poisoning rate was 9.04%, higher than other species. There was no significant difference between the A (2004-2006) and the B (2007-2009) years of rat density (χ2 = 0.048, df = 1, P> 0.05) (χ2 = 14.70, P <0.01, df = 1). The prevalence of latent infection in healthy people increased year by year in 6 years (χ2 = 107.92, P <0.01, df = 5). The average infection rate was 7.73%. There was no significant difference between male and female (χ2 = 0.091, P> 0.05, df = 1). There was no significant difference in infection rates between other age groups in the 40-59 age group (χ2 = 4.71-6.28, P <0.05, df = 1) (χ2 = 0.28-3.64, P> 0.05, df = ). Conclusion The dominant rodent species in Hengshui city are Rattus norvegicus, and Rattus norvegicus has important significance as the source of EHF infection. In recent years, the incidence of EHF and latent infection in healthy people increased year by year and brown belt poisoning rate is closely related. Proposed in EHF prevention and control work will be large-scale anti-rodent work with the key to eliminate tetanus combined.